Lipid Nano Carriers, COVID-19 and 

Hyperspectral Microscopy

十多年來，納米藥物遞送已經慢慢地從研究實驗室發展到商業市場，并獲得了少數上市批準。在2017年至2019年期間，FDA批準的納米藥物載體只有三種，然而目前有大量且不斷增長的納米藥物遞送應用正在獲得監管部門的批準。
For over a decade, nano-drug delivery has slowly evolved out of the research laboratory and into the commercial market with a small number of regulatory approvals. Between 2017 and 2019 there were only three FDA approved nano-drug delivery constructs.1 However, there is now a large and ever-growing number of nano-drug delivery applications in the regulatory approval pipeline.

目前最引人注目的是Moderna研發的COVID-19疫苗。該疫苗使用脂質納米顆粒作為其mRNA構建的載體，已提交FDA立即批準。預計這種納米顆粒遞送的mRNA疫苗將很快影響全球數億人的生活。因此，這一發展有望為納米藥物遞送市場提供推動作用，證明納米材料可以安全有效地作為藥物遞送載體來使用。
None of these is more high profile than the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. This vaccine, which has been submitted for immediate approval by the FDA, utilizes lipid nanoparticles as the vector for its mRNA construct. It is expected that this nanoparticle delivered mRNA vaccine will soon impact the lives of hundreds of millions of people world-wide. As such, this development is expected to provide a much needed boost to the nano-drug delivery market, proving that nanoparticles can be utilized at scale as a drug delivery vector in a safe and effective manner.

脂質納米顆粒療法(如Moderna疫苗)的開發需要能夠驗證藥物療法或脂質內及表面上納米元素的正確攝取。此外，表征這些脂質載體如何與細胞和組織相互作用也很重要。CytoViva的增強型暗場高光譜顯微鏡可以成為這兩項任務的有效工具。
Development of lipid nanoparticle therapies such as the Moderna vaccine requires the ability to validate proper uptake of drug therapies or other nanoscale elements within, or onto, the lipids. Additionally, it is important to demonstrate how these lipid carriers interact with cells and tissue. CytoViva's Enhanced Darkfield Hyperspectral Microscopy can be an effective tool for both of these tasks.
 

圖1：負載AuNP的雙層脂質體	圖2：脂質體面積(黃色)和帶有AuNPs的脂質體雙層面積(綠色)的光譜響應
圖3：在脂質體雙層中映射AuNPs(紅色)	圖4：巨噬細胞內LDL包裹的AuNPs
圖5：LDL包裹的AuNPs(紅色)和細胞結構(綠色)的光譜響應	圖6：LDL包裹的AuNPs的映射(紅色)

上圖1說明了雙層中負載AuNPs(金納米粒子)的脂質體的增強暗場高光譜圖像。金納米粒子在它們存在于脂質體中的區域引起光譜響應的變化。這種光譜偏移如圖2所示，脂質體雙層中AuNPs的高光譜映射如圖3(紅色)所示。
Figure 1 above illustrates an enhanced darkfield hyperspectral image of liposomes loaded with AuNPs (gold nanoparticles) in the bilayer. The AuNPs cause a shift in the spectral response in areas where they are present in the liposome. This spectral shift is illustrated in Figure 2, with the hyperspectral mapping of the AuNPs in the liposome bilayer illustrated in Figure 3 (in red).

圖4說明巨噬細胞中LDL包裹的金納米粒子的增強暗視野高光譜圖像。LDL包裹的金納米粒子相對于細胞結構的獨特光譜響應見圖5。LDL包裹的金納米粒子的高光譜映射如圖6(紅色部分)所示。
Figure 4 above illustrates an enhanced darkfield hyperspectral image of LDL encapsulated AuNPs in macrophage cells. The unique spectral response of the LDL encapsulated AuNPs versus the cell structure is illustrated in Figure 5. The hyperspectral mapping of the LDL encapsulated AuNPs is illustrated in Figure 6 (in red).

觀察和光譜確認脂質內的納米級物質或這些脂質結構被細胞攝取的能力對于有效開發和應用這些療法至關重要。CytoViva的增強暗場高光譜顯微鏡已被證明是支持這些應用開發的有效方法。
The ability to observe and spectrally confirm the nanoscale cargo within the lipid or the uptake of these lipid constructs into cells is critical for effective development and deployment of these therapies. CytoViva's Enhanced Darkfield Hyperspectral Microscopy is proven to be an effective method for supporting these applications.
 

CytoViva是由美國Auburn大學與Aetos技術有限公司合作成立，具有高校和軍事公司背景，CytoViva納米高光譜成像技術最初是由美國國防部和美國宇航局空間衛星航空成像開發的技術發展而來，該公司創造性的將該技術與增強型暗場技術結合并應用于微觀層面，使其成為一個專有、集成的系統，能夠在納米尺度上對材料、藥物、生命單元、活性大分子、環境污染物等進行高光譜成像及定性定量分析。

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