植物多酚-葉綠素儀用于估算玉米各生育期植株氮濃度

瀏覽次數(shù)：1529　發(fā)布日期：2022-4-18　來源：本站　僅供參考，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載，否則責任自負

Dualex是一款源自于法國國家科學院 (CNRS)及巴黎第十一大學技術(shù)，由奧地利PESSL公司生產(chǎn)（原法國Force-A公司）開發(fā)的新型多功能葉片測量儀。它可同時準確測量葉片的葉綠素含量、葉片表層的類黃酮和花青素含量，適用于植物生理學和農(nóng)學（如水稻葉綠素濃度，玉米氮素狀況，葡萄藤等）相關(guān)研究。

其測量對象可以是單子葉植物，雙子葉植物或多年生植物。這款設(shè)備簡單易用，可進行實時和非破壞性測量。由于不需要校準標定和事先的樣品制備，測量工作可在實驗室或現(xiàn)場完成。此外，該設(shè)備在各種溫度的和環(huán)境光照條件下均可正常使用。系統(tǒng)采用專利設(shè)計，光學傳感器可進行簡單、快速、無損測量葉片中的葉綠素、多酚以及花青素。

Dualex便攜式智能氣象-葉綠素-花青素-黃酮醇測量儀

摘要

氮素是影響作物產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)最重要的養(yǎng)分之一。近距離遙感技術(shù)在精準農(nóng)業(yè)中的應用為作物氮素狀況的無損實時診斷和精準管理提供了新的機遇。值得注意的是，葉片熒光傳感器在精確估計植物氮素狀況方面顯示出了很大的潛力。然而，大多數(shù)使用葉片熒光傳感器的研究主要集中在估算葉片氮濃度（LNC），而不是植物氮濃度（PNC）。本研究的目的是（1）確定玉米（Zea mays L.）LNC和PNC的關(guān)系，（2）評估影響葉片熒光傳感器參數(shù)變化的主要因素，以及（3）建立一個通用模型來直接估計不同生長階段的PNC。2016年和2017年，在中國東北兩個不同土壤類型、種植密度和施氮量的農(nóng)田中，使用葉片熒光傳感器Dualex 4對四個生長階段的三個不同位置的玉米葉片進行了測試。結(jié)果表明，葉片總氮濃度（TLNC）和PNC與單葉氮濃度（SLNC）有很強的相關(guān)性（R2=0.91～0.98）。TLNC和PNC受玉米生育期和施氮量的影響，但不受土壤類型的影響。當與播后天數(shù)（DAS）參數(shù)結(jié)合使用時，改良的Dualex 4指數(shù)在不同生長階段與TLNC和PNC表現(xiàn)出強烈的相關(guān)性。改良葉綠素濃度（mChl）和改良氮平衡指數(shù)（mNBI）都是PNC的可靠預測因子。利用抽穗期（VT）前新完全展開的葉片和VT期穗上葉片獲得的信息來估計PNC，可以獲得良好的結(jié)果。可以得出結(jié)論，當與DAS一起使用時，葉片熒光傳感器（Dualex 4）可以可靠地估計玉米不同生長階段的PNC。

關(guān)鍵詞：氮狀態(tài)診斷；Dualex傳感器；精準氮管理；葉位；近端感知；氮平衡指數(shù)

Estimating Plant Nitrogen Concentration of Maize Using a Leaf Fluorescence Sensor across Growth Stages

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most essential nutrients that can significantly affect crop grain yield and quality. The implementation of proximal and remote sensing technologies in precision agriculture has provided new opportunities for non-destructive and real-time diagnosis of crop N status and precision N management. Notably, leaf fluorescence sensors have shown high potential in the accurate estimation of plant N status. However, most studies using leaf fluorescence sensors have mainly focused on the estimation of leaf N concentration (LNC) rather than plant N concentration (PNC). The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the relationship of maize (Zea mays L.) LNC and PNC, (2) evaluate the main factors influencing the variations of leaf fluorescence sensor parameters, and (3) establish a general model to estimate PNC directly across growth stages. A leaf fluorescence sensor, Dualex 4, was used to test maize leaves with three different positions across four growth stages in two fields with different soil types, planting densities, and N application rates in Northeast China in 2016 and 2017. The results indicated that the total leaf N concentration (TLNC) and PNC had a strong correlation (R2 = 0.91 to 0.98) with the single leaf N concentration (SLNC). The TLNC and PNC were affected by maize growth stage and N application rate but not the soil type. When used in combination with the days after sowing (DAS) parameter, modified Dualex 4 indices showed strong relationships with TLNC and PNC across growth stages. Both modified chlorophyll concentration (mChl) and modified N balance index (mNBI) were reliable predictors of PNC. Good results could be achieved by using information obtained only from the newly fully expanded leaves before the tasseling stage (VT) and the leaves above panicle at the VT stage to estimate PNC. It is concluded that when used together with DAS, the leaf fluorescence sensor (Dualex 4) can be used to reliably estimate maize PNC across growth stages.

Keywords: nitrogen status diagnosis; Dualex sensor; precision nitrogen management; leaf position; proximal sensing; nitrogen balance index

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